Paul Manafort, President Trump’s onetime campaign chairman, is on trial in federal court in Alexandria on bank and tax fraud charges. Prosecutors allege he failed to pay taxes on millions he made from his work for a Russia-friendly Ukrainian political party, then lied to get loans when the cash stopped coming in.
The case is being prosecuted by the special counsel investigating Russian interference in the 2016 U.S. presidential election. We will have live coverage throughout the second day of proceedings.
[Day One recap: Prosecutors say Manafort’s wealth was fueled by lies to IRS and banks]
12:01 p.m.: Judge stops prosecution from showing pictures of luxury suits, for now
FBI Special Agent Matthew Mikuska has retaken the stand, but his testimony may not be as colorful as prosecutors may have hoped. Judge T.S. Ellis III expressed continued displeasure with the prosecution’s desire to enter detailed evidence about the items Paul Manafort purchased with money routed from offshore bank accounts.
Ellis deferred on ruling whether prosecutors may enter photos of luxury suits found in Manafort’s condo until later in the trial, indicating he wants to better understand whether the pictures are necessary to prove they were purchased with income hidden in foreign bank accounts.
But he denied prosecutor Uzo Asonye’s request to show the jury pictures of the suits and their high-end labels, which means the pictures were also not shown to the public.
The prosecutors’ proposed exhibit list contains a list of photos of various items Manafort had purchased that the special counsel’s office appeared interested in displaying to the jury. Ellis’s reticence may mean few or none are displayed, leaving jurors to learn about Manafort’s purchases entirely from invoices and other documents.
11:57 a.m.: Judge rules that prosecutors can’t offer invoice for home renovations as evidence
Judge T.S. Ellis III ruled that prosecutors cannot enter an invoice for proposed home renovations, saying “All this document shows is that Mr. Manafort had a lavish lifestyle, he had a nice home with a pool and a gazebo — it’s not relevant.”
He also expressed concern about showing the jury photos of Manafort’s expensive suits, although prosecutors said it was necessary to prove the defendant bought and kept those items.
“To parade all of this again seems to me unnecessary,” he said.
The judge’s skepticism could be troublesome for prosecutors, who are trying to present the case that Manafort lived a life of luxury but paid no taxes on money he earned.
On Manafort’s items from “House of Bijan,” a menswear company that bills itself as the world’s most expensive, Ellis expressed confusion.
“Is it Bi – yan?” he asked, pronouncing the word as if it was Spanish. Company founder Bijan Pakzad was Iranian and the name is pronounced with a hard “J.”
“I can’t recognize these names,” Ellis said. “If it doesn’t say ‘Men’s Wearhouse,’ I don’t know it.”
11:53 a.m.: Trump tweets again, asks if Manafort was ‘treated worse’ than Al Capone
Just before noon, President Trump again tweeted an apparent critique of the special counsel’s treatment of Paul Manafort, asking followers if his former campaign chairman was “treated worse” than the notorious gangster Al Capone.
“Looking back on history, who was treated worse, Alfonse Capone, legendary mob boss, killer and ‘Public Enemy Number One,’ or Paul Manafort, political operative & Reagan/Dole darling, now serving solitary confinement – although convicted of nothing?” Trump wrote. “Where is the Russian Collusion?”
[Trump calls Manafort prosecution ‘a hoax,’ says Sessions should stop Mueller investigation]
The sentiments Trump expressed are not entirely new. He has previously said he “Didn’t know Manafort was the head of the Mob,” and he has long asserted that Manafort’s case has nothing to do with whether his campaign coordinated with Russia to influence the 2016 election. Earlier Wednesday, he Tweeted similar sentiments and noted Manafort “worked for me for a very short time.”
But coming during the trial, Trump’s comments are notable. If coverage of them reached jurors, that could affect the case.
Trump’s reference to Manafort “serving solitary confinement” is somewhat specious. When he was housed in a Northern Neck, Va., facility, prosecutors said he was treated like a “VIP.” He was given his own phone and computer, allowed to write emails and did not have to wear a uniform. He was later moved to the jail in Alexandria, where he is mostly alone, though that is because he is in protective custody as a high-profile figure.
[From six homes to a city jail: Paul Manafort, who redefined lobbying, faces trial]
11:38 a.m.: ‘Rein in your facial expressions,’ judge admonishes lawyers on both sides
This courtroom sketch depicts Paul Manafort, fourth from right, standing with his lawyers in front of U.S. district Judge T.S. Ellis III, center rear.
Judge T.S. Ellis III said that while he hasn’t seen it himself, he’s been told that lawyers on both sides have “rolled their eyes” after leaving bench conferences.
The implication, he said, is, “‘Why do we have to put up with this idiot judge?'”
“Don’t do that,” he told the lawyers. “It’s inappropriate.”
He said that if he had seen it himself, “I might be a little upset,” but that his eyes are not what they were 40, 50 or 60 years ago. Ellis is 78 years old.
“Rein in your facial expressions,” he concluded.
(Now is a good time to re-up this profile of Ellis by The Post’s Rachel Weiner.)
11:30 a.m.: Judge grills prosecutors for a second time
After the defense raised an objection to prosecutors introducing an invoice seized in an FBI raid for proposed work on a Manafort home, Judge T.S. Ellis III dismissed the jury for a break — and then grilled prosecutors for a second time.
Ellis expressed skepticism over how the invoice actually advanced the prosecution’s case that Manafort filed false tax returns and did not fully report money he had made to the Internal Revenue Service. Furthermore, he worried that it might prejudice the jury against Manafort.
Ellis asked Assistant U.S. Attorney Uzo Asonye if it showed “just that Manafort is awash in money?”
Assistant U.S. Attorney Uzo Asonye speaks during the opening day of the trial of former Trump campaign manager Paul Manafort. (REUTERS/Bill Hennessy)
Asonye argued the document furthered the prosecution’s case because it showed that Manafort had hid money from tax preparers and a bookkeeper, and that he used money from accounts in Cyprus to pay for a long list of luxury items. Those expenditures were never reported on tax returns.
Ellis said he would take the argument under advisement and decide later whether to allow the invoice to be introduced. Ellis has signaled some displeasure with the prosecution’s case Wednesday, grousing that it is “gilding the lily” by regularly referring to Manafort’s lavish spending and complaining about the pace. He has interrupted prosecutors on occasion to speed up their questioning and bluntly questioned them at other moments.
11:02 a.m.: Documents show money transfers and home improvement proposals
The trial of Paul Manafort has now entered the document phase. In quick succession, Special Agent Matthew Mikuska has offered brief descriptions of a variety of documents seized during the search of Manafort’s condo in 2017.
Under Judge T.S. Ellis III’s admonishment that prosecutors move rapidly, the documents were each introduced into evidence with little description or guidance to the jury about how they will become important later in the trial. In general, prosecutors appeared to be trying to establish that Manafort was paying for home improvements on various properties he or his family owned over the years that he was working in Ukraine. One document described wire transfers that totaled $3 million. Another showed a proposal for unnamed home improvements for $750,000. The work was listed at properties in the Hamptons, Brooklyn and Florida.
The trial is now on a mid-morning break, with testimony to restart around 11:15 a.m.
10:52 a.m.: FBI agent reveals details of Manafort search
A jogger makes her way past the condominium building in Alexandria, Va., where Paul Manafort lived. (Kevin Lamarque/Reuters)
An FBI special agent testified that when a team searched Paul Manafort’s Alexandria condominium last August, they knocked three times and then entered with a key.
They did not have a “no-knock” search warrant allowing them to simply bust into the unit and did not pick the lock, Agent Matthew Mikuska testified.
The agents arrived just after 6 a.m., Mikuska testified. They waited 30 seconds between each knock; no one answered. But when they entered with the key and opened a door to the left, he said, they saw Manafort.
Mikuska described the condo as a “large luxury unit.” Jurors were shown a picture of the building, though the judge questioned its relevance.
10:39 a.m.: Who’s who?
For those just tuning into our trial coverage and having trouble keeping up with who is who, here’s a useful guide to all the players.
This courtroom sketch depicts Paul Manafort, fourth from right, standing with his lawyers in front of U.S. District Judge T.S. Ellis III, center rear, and the selected jury, seated left, during the jury selection of his trial. (Dana Verkouteren via AP)
10:35 a.m.: Witness describes work in Ukraine
Daniel Rabin continued his testimony by describing the nature of the work he did in Ukraine and the constellation of political consultants who surrounded Paul Manafort. Prosecutors are trying to show the jury the scope of Manafort’s work over roughly a decade in the country. Rabin said he was tasked with making 30-second commercials for various political campaigns ranging from presidential elections to parliamentary races and even a local contest for mayor. Manafort and ultimately, his patron, Viktor Yanukovych, would approve the final cuts of the ads.
Rabin said he met Yanukovych on two occasions, when the former Ukrainian president came to sets to film political ads. Prosecutor Greg Andres showed Rabin a photo from one of the shoots, which was not shown to the courtroom. Rabin testified the photo showed Yanukovych and his staff members being introduced to Rabin and another Manafort employee, Phil Griffin.
Rabin went on to name some of the other American political consultants he worked with in Ukraine, as well as Rick Gates, Manafort’s former partner and the prosecution’s star witness. Gates is scheduled to testify later in the trial and is expected to offer key evidence of Manafort’s financial wrongdoing.
“Rick was the gatekeeper,” Rabin told the jury. “We didn’t want to bother Paul with schedules and invoices.”
Rabin also described the work of Konstantin Kilimnik, saying he worked as translator for Manafort. Kilimnik translated the scripts Rabin produced for ads into Ukraine, before the spots were filmed. The special counsel’s office says in court filings that Kilimnik has ties to Russian intelligence. In all Rabin, said he made roughly 40 trips to Ukraine during the 2006-to-2014 period he worked with Manafort.
10:18 a.m.: A look at the judge presiding over the Manafort trial
Judge T.S. Ellis III began Wednesday’s proceedings by telling prosecutors he was concerned repeated descriptions of Manafort’s Ukraine financiers as “oligarchs” would bias the jury, and asked them to stop using it.
Ellis’s active role in the proceedings should surprise no one who has appeared in his courtroom. The Post’s Rachel Weiner took an in-depth look Wednesday morning at the colorful federal judge, who is known for pointed interjections.
[‘He has torn my head off’: Manafort judge known for being tough during trials]
10:12 a.m.: First witness of the day takes the stand
Daniel Rabin, a political ad maker who worked with Paul Manafort in Ukraine from 2006 to 2014, has taken the stand. Under questioning from prosecutor Greg Andres, Rabin began to explain how Manafort’s team put together American-style radio and TV ads for the Ukrainian Party of Regions and its presidential candidate, Viktor Yanukovych, as well as a mayoral candidate.
Ukraine’s ousted president Viktor Yanukovych (AP)
Under questioning, Rabin noted that his work ended in 2014. This is a touchy spot for prosecutors, who have promised Judge T.S. Ellis III that they will avoid discussion of Russia and its role in Ukraine. In fact, Yanukovych’s term as president ended amid violent street protests, after which he fled to Russia, where he continues to leave.
But on questioning, Rabin did not disclose those facts to the jury. Instead, Andres inquired if something happened in 2014 that caused his partnership with Manafort to conclude. Rabin responded simply, “The project ended.”
Andres continued, “Was there a change in political party in 2014?” “There was,” Rabin responded.
Next, Andres appeared to try to establish that Manafort was a detail-oriented boss who was clearly in charge of his team.
This will be important later, as the defense team has made clear that they intend to argue that Manafort left certain key responsibilities to his associate, Rick Gates.The defense has sought to point the finger at Gates for the fraud and even accused Manafort’s former business partner of embezzlement.
Asked to describe what kind of leader Manafort was, Rabin responded, “He demanded a lot of the people who worked for him. He was thorough. He was strict. He ran a good campaign.”
10:02 a.m.: Ellis tells prosecutors to stop using the word ‘oligarch’
Judge T.S. Ellis III (Tracy A. Woodward/The Washington Post)
Before testimony began Wednesday, Judge T.S. Ellis III told prosecutors he was concerned repeated descriptions of Manafort’s Ukraine financiers as “oligarchs” would bias the jury.
“An oligarch is just a despotic power exercised by a privileged few,” Ellis said. “What I want to avoid … is somehow to use the term to mean he was consorting or paid by people who were criminals — there will be no evidence of that.”
Prosecutor Greg Andres protested that the people funding Manafort’s work in Ukraine are commonly referred to there as oligarchs. Political consultant Tad Devine described one such man, Rinat Akhmetov, as an oligarch in his testimony Tuesday.
Ellis interrupted the prosecutor. If the term just referred to a billionaire involved in politics, Ellis said, then both George Soros and the Koch brothers would qualify.
“The term oligarch has come to have a pejorative meaning,” the judge said. “We are not going to have this case find that he associated with despicable people and therefore he’s despicable — that’s not the American way.”
Ellis said the government could file a brief on the issue if they want but did not think use of the term was necessary.
9:54 a.m.: What Trump has said about Manafort in the past
President Trump has praised Paul Manafort — that is when he isn’t distancing himself from him.
As with many topics, the president’s comments on his erstwhile campaign chairman have been shifting, somewhat contradictory and voluminous. One of Trump’s early comments on Manafort’s legal woes came in August 2017. He lamented the FBI raid on Manafort’s Virginia home.
“I’ve always found Paul Manafort to be a very decent man,” Trump said. “He’s like a lot of other people, probably makes consultant fees from all over the place. Who knows? I don’t know. But I thought it was pretty tough stuff to wake him up. Perhaps his family was there. I think that’s pretty tough stuff.”
Trump weighed in again on the day Manafort was indicted in October, attempting to turn the attention to his favorite scapegoat.
“Sorry, but this is years ago, before Paul Manafort was part of the Trump campaign,” Trump wrote on Twitter of the charges. “But why aren’t Crooked Hillary & the Dems the focus?????….Also, there is NO COLLUSION!”
By February, Trump was calling Manafort a “respected” and “good” man at a news conference at the White House. When asked by a reporter whether Manafort had any contact with Russian officials during the election, Trump said no. The charges Manafort is facing in Virginia relate to alleged financial wrongdoing, not any Russian collusion.
“Paul Manafort was replaced long before the election took place,” Trump said. “He was only there for a short period of time.”
Manafort joined the Trump campaign in March 2016 before being elevated to campaign chairman that May. He left the campaign in August 2016 amid questions about his political consulting work in Ukraine and payments he is alleged to have received.
Trump was equally sympathetic to Manafort in June, shortly before Manafort was slated to appear in federal court. During that hearing, a judge revoked his bond after prosecutors accused Manafort of attempting to influence the testimony of witnesses slated to testify at his trial.
Speaking at an impromptu news conference at the White House, Trump said he felt “badly” about the treatment of Manafort, his former national security adviser Michael Flynn and his former attorney Michael Cohen, all of whom have been a focus of the special counsel’s probe.
“I look at some of them where they go back 12 years, like Manafort has nothing to do with our campaign,” Trump told reporters. “I tell you I feel a little bad about it. They went back 12 years to get things that he did 12 years ago.”
Later that day, after Manafort’s bond was revoked, Trump took to Twitter, incorrectly typing that Manafort had been “sentenced.”
“Wow, what a tough sentence for Paul Manafort, who has represented Ronald Reagan, Bob Dole and many other top political people and campaigns,” Trump wrote. “Didn’t know Manafort was the head of the Mob. What about Comey and Crooked Hillary and all of the others? Very unfair!”
Following his meeting with Russian President Vladimir Putin in July, Trump again offered praise for Manafort in an interview with Sean Hannity on Fox News.
“Paul Manafort, who clearly is a nice man,” Trump told the host. “You look at what’s going on with him, it’s like Al Capone. . . . It’s just a sad thing. It’s a very sad thing for our country.”
9:47 a.m.: With former campaign chairman on trial, Trump calls on attorney general to shut down special counsel probe
As prosecutors with the special counsel’s office prepared to call their first witness of the day, President Trump called on Twitter for his attorney general to shut down their investigation and noted the case against Paul Manafort had “nothing to do with Collusion.”
[Trump calls Manafort prosecution ‘a hoax,’ says Sessions should stop Mueller investigation]
The comment about Manafort came in what is a potentially ongoing attack against Special Counsel Robert S. Mueller III. Trump wrote that Manafort, his former campaign chairman, had “worked for Ronald Reagan, Bob Dole and many other highly prominent and respected political leaders,” but served the Trump campaign “for a very short time.” Manafort was hired by the Trump campaign in March 2016, promoted to chairman in May and stepped down in August after reports about his Ukraine work surfaced.
“Why didn’t government tell me that he was under investigation. These old charges have nothing to do with Collusion – a Hoax!” Trump wrote.
Trump began the attack on Mueller’s office by repeating a quote he said came from lawyer Alan Dershowitz criticizing FBI Agent Peter Strzok — a once key figure in the special counsel probe who was removed from the case because of his anti-Trump texts. By Trump’s account, Dershowitz said Strzok should have recused himself from the case “on day one,” and his remaining in the FBI was “a real issue.”
“This is a terrible situation and Attorney General Jeff Sessions should stop this Rigged Witch Hunt right now, before it continues to stain our country any further,” Trump then wrote in his own voice. “Bob Mueller is totally conflicted, and his 17 Angry Democrats that are doing his dirty work are a disgrace to USA!”
Sessions has recused himself from the Russia investigation, making Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein the acting attorney general for that case. That means Sessions would have to violate the terms of his recusal to take such an action. Mueller has been exploring efforts to pressure Sessions or force his resignation as part of his look at whether Trump has sought to obstruct justice.
Manafort is the first person that Mueller’s team has brought to trial, though others have pleaded guilty. Manafort’s trial has virtually nothing to do with the core allegation that Mueller is exploring — whether the Trump campaign coordinated with Russia to influence the 2016 election. But his case is viewed as an important test for special counsel prosecutors.
9:27 a.m.: The most interesting character jurors will likely learn little about
He may be the most interesting character in the Paul Manafort trial, but the jury is unlikely to ever be told the most interesting things about him.
On the first day of Manafort’s tax and bank fraud trial on Tuesday, Manafort’s former business associate Tad Devine was asked more than once about Konstantin Kilimnik. Each time he was asked, Devine, a political consultant who helped Manafort run campaigns in Ukraine, testified that Kilimnik was Manafort’s Kiev-based translator.
But that’s not all the Russian army veteran was. According to court documents previously filed by the special counsel’s office, Kilimnik has been assessed by the FBI to have ties to the GRU, the Russian military intelligence unit that has been accused of hacking Democrats before the 2016 election. Kilimnik, who worked for Manafort starting in 2005, has denied that allegation, indicating he served in the early 1990s in the Russian military but was never involved with intelligence.
This courtroom sketch depicts Paul Manafort, seated right row second from right, together with his lawyers, the jury, seated left, and the U.S. District Court Judge T.S. Ellis III, back center, listening to Assistant U.S. Attorney Uzo Asonye, standing, during opening arguments in the trial of Paul Manafort. (Dana Verkouteren via AP)
Because Manafort speaks no Russian or Ukrainian, people who worked the American consultant in Ukraine have said that Kilimnik became his local alter-ego and was eventually named manager of his Ukraine operations.
Manafort remained in close contact with Kilimnik even after he became Donald Trump’s campaign chairman in 2016. Over email, the two discussed how to use Manafort’s new role to make money. Manafort also asked Kilimnik to extend an offer to hold “private briefings” about the campaign to Oleg Deripaska, a Russian billionaire and former Manafort business partner. In August 2016, Kilimnik came to New York and had dinner with Manafort, where the two discussed the presidential campaign.
[Manafort offered to give Russian billionaire ‘private briefings’ on 2016 campaign]
Just this year, prosecutors have said that Kilimnik, acting on Manafort’s behalf, contacted witnesses who will likely be called in the second of two criminal trials Manafort is facing. That trial is scheduled for September in Washington. As a result, Kilimnik was charged with obstruction of justice. Prosecutors have said he is living in Russia and has not been arrested.
But will any of that come out at the trial now underway in Alexandria? Unlikely. Prosecutors have agreed that they will leave Russia and any suggestion of Trump campaign coordination with Russia out of a trial that will focus on Manafort’s personal finances.
In Alexandria, Kilimnik will likely be known only as Manafort’s translator.
9:15 a.m.: First round of testimony focuses on Ukraine
While Paul Manafort is the one on trial, the first round of testimony is focused in part on how two Democratic strategists worked with him to help strongman Viktor Yanukovych and his Russian-backed, oligarch-funded Party of Regions win power in Ukraine.
Tad Devine, chief political strategist for presidential candidate Bernie Sanders. (AP Photo/Mary Altaffer)
The only witness to appear Tuesday, Tad Devine, was Bernie Sanders’s chief strategist in 2016. Wednesday’s first witness is Daniel Rabin, who has worked for Minnesota Gov. Mark Dayton, Providence Rhode Island Mayor Jorge Elorza and the Sierra Club.
Both Devine and Rabin have done significant overseas work; Devine testified Monday that he has worked in nine countries. On his website, Rabin touts his work for former president Manuel Zelaya in Honduras, the Sandinista Renovation Movement in Nicaragua, the Democratic Party of Thailand and several other international campaigns — including a Kiev mayoral race — but not for Yanukovych and the Party of Regions.
Devine’s firm got a $100,000 victory bonus after the 2010 presidential election and a $50,000 bonus after municipal elections later that year, according to financial records entered as exhibits.
“I’m sure you have forgotten about this minor detail, but I haven’t,” Manafort wrote after the 2010 presidential race. “Bonus for success.”
Those records indicate he also made $122,000 for a brief 2014 trip to Kiev to speak to former Party of Regions members who had formed a new party after Yanukovych was ousted from power.
9:10 a.m.: The scene from Day One: A relaxed Manafort at the eye of the Russia storm
Protesters Gayelynn Taxey, from left, Matt Rogers and Danny Hastings, stand in front of the Alexandria federal courthouse outside Paul Manafort’s trial Tuesday. (AP/Manuel Balce Ceneta)
Satellite TV trucks lined the outside the federal courthouse in Alexandria. Nearby, a protester waved a sign that said “Russia Ties” that combined the Russian flag and Donald Trump’s signature wide neckties. Inside, a bomb sniffing dog moved through a packed courtroom.
The nation’s most highly anticipated trial in recent memory was about to get underway Tuesday. And Paul Manafort, the man who sits at the eye of the Russia investigation storm, looked relaxed as he sat at the defense table in a black suit, white shirt and gray tie surrounded by a phalanx of attorneys.
[Manafort on trial: A scorched-earth prosecutor and not a mention of Trump]
As the day wore on, he occasionally joked with his legal team and appeared engaged with his defense. While the jury was being selected Tuesday morning, Manafort leaned toward one attorney seated on his left and then another on his right, seemingly giving his input on which jurors the defense should strike. He could be heard saying one of the juror’s numbers at one point.
Manafort’s wife sat just behind him in the first row of the courtroom, although he rarely turned to engage with her or peek at the throng of reporters, who made up the bulk of the crowd sitting in the audience. They dodged in and out of the courtroom to file feeds.
If Manafort did not appear fazed by the gravity of the moment, some of the jurors did. They reported for jury duty Tuesday morning, only to find themselves thrust into the national spotlight.
Some looked stricken after they were called to sit in the jury box, during jury selection. Others breathed visible sighs of relief after they were dismissed from the same box, figuring they had been passed over.
The drama was high, but often punctuated by moments of humor.
“I hope you will not hurry to slit your wrists,” Judge Ellis joked to the jury, after they were selected. “There is a positive side — the court will provide your lunch each day.”
Soon, the trial was underway.
9 a.m.: What to expect on Day Two of the Manafort trial
Prosecutors and defense attorneys made notable progress on the first day of the Manafort trial. They picked a jury, delivered opening statements and finished questioning their first witness. So what will Day Two bring?
Prosecutors expect their first witness will be Daniel Rabin, a political consultant who worked with Paul Manafort in Ukraine. Rabin – through his firm, Rabin Strasberg, worked with Manafort during several elections there, and Manafort’s firm paid Rabin’s about $350,000 in 2012 for its work.
The two men’s names come up in proposed trial exhibits from 2010 to 2014, in discussions of campaign ads and a video commemorating the UEFA Euro 2012 soccer championship.
“These draft spots are more political than uplifting,” Manafort wrote Rabin of the Democratic consultant’s proposal for that tournament, which was hosted by Ukraine and Poland. Manafort said he wanted something more like Ronald Reagan’s “old ‘Morning in America’ spots in 1984 that was built on the strength of the country and people and hope. . . . We need something less obvious.”
Prosecutors seem to be providing jurors a broad outline of Manafort’s work in Ukraine. That is important because, according to prosecutors, it was working there that helped make Manafort rich, and it was that money on which Manafort failed to pay taxes.
Prosecutors said on Tuesday they would demonstrate Manafort’s wealth was propped up by years of lies to all those around him. Manafort’s defense team said their client was a victim of Richard Gates, his longtime business partner who pleaded guilty to conspiracy and lying to the FBI and is expected to be prosecutors’ star witness against Gates.
Testimony should get underway at 9:30 a.m. An FBI agent is also expected to testify Wednesday.
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